Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach, commonly leading to peptic ulcers and, in some cases, if left untreated, can contribute to the development of stomach cancer.

While it is not entirely clear how H. pylori leads to gastritis or ulcers, it is a widespread infection, affecting a significant section of the global population.

However, not everyone who carries the bacteria experiences symptoms. This raises the crucial question: Is H. pylori communicable from person to person?

Yes, H. pylori can spread from person to person, most commonly through saliva, though it can also be transmitted via fecal contamination of food or water.

In regions with poor sanitation and hygiene, especially in developing countries, untreated water and crowded living conditions contribute to a higher prevalence of the infection.

Transmission usually occurs in childhood, with parents and siblings being the most likely sources.

H. pylori enters the body through the mouth where it stays in the saliva or plaque on teeth, then travels through the digestive system to infect the stomach or the small intestine.

Its spiral shape and tail-like flagella help it burrow into the stomach lining, leading to inflammation.

 Unlike other bacteria, H. pylori can survive in the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which neutralizes the gastric acid.

Urease reacts with urea to form ammonia, a substance toxic to human cells, which further damages the stomach lining.

Depending on the location of the infection, H. pylori can also trigger an overproduction of stomach acid.

Common ways of H. pylori transmission

Person-to-Person contact: The bacteria spreads through direct contact with saliva, vomit, or fecal matter.

This can occur through kissing and close contact, especially within families.

It can also be spread through sharing utensils such as spoons, forks, or other utensils used for eating.

Contaminated food or water can also transmit H. pylori, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.

In addition, households with many people in close quarters are at higher risk of transmission, especially in developing countries where sanitation may be inadequate.

In conclusion, the infection can be transmitted from person to person, primarily through saliva or via contaminated food and water.

Given how common the infection is, it’s essential to be mindful of how it spreads and to take preventive measures, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding the sharing of utensils.

In case you suspect to have been infected, it’s important to seek medical advice to prevent complications like ulcers or gastritis.