Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and in Kenya, it ranks among the leading cancers affecting men. While it can be a serious condition, early detection and treatment greatly improve survival rates.
Therefore, understanding the risks, symptoms, and available treatments can empower individuals to take control of their health.
What Is Prostate Cancer?
The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It plays a role in reproductive health by producing seminal fluid. Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably, potentially spreading to other parts of the body if left untreated.
Risk factors
Prostate cancer can affect anyone with a prostate, but some factors increase the risk:
- Age: The risk rises after age 50, with most cases diagnosed in individuals over 65.
- Family history: A close relative with prostate cancer can increase the likelihood of developing it.
- Ethnicity: Studies show that prostate cancer is more common among Black individuals, including those in Kenya.
- Lifestyle factors: Diet, obesity, and lack of exercise may contribute to an increased risk.
- Limited access to healthcare: In Kenya, late diagnosis is common due to limited awareness and screening opportunities, especially in rural areas.
Recognizing the Symptoms
In the early stages, prostate cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as it progresses, some individuals may experience:
- Difficulty urinating or a weak urine flow
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area
- Erectile dysfunction
It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions like an enlarged prostate. If you experience any of them, consult a healthcare provider.
Statistics and Challenges
According to the Kenya National Cancer Registry, prostate cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths among men in the country.
Many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to low awareness and limited access to screening services. The high cost of treatment and lack of specialized care in rural areas also pose significant challenges.
Screening and Diagnosis
Regular screenings help detect prostate cancer early. The two primary tests are:
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Measures PSA levels in the blood. High levels may indicate prostate issues, including cancer.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A healthcare provider checks for abnormalities in the prostate by feeling it through the rectum.
In Kenya, screening is available at major hospitals and cancer centers, but awareness campaigns are needed to encourage more people to get tested.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, overall health, and personal preferences. Options include:
Active surveillance: Monitoring slow-growing cancer without immediate treatment.
Surgery: Removing the prostate (prostatectomy) if the cancer is localized.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Hormone therapy: Reducing hormones that fuel cancer growth.
Chemotherapy or targeted therapies: Used in advanced cases to slow cancer spread.
Kenya has several cancer treatment centers, including Kenyatta National Hospital, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, and private facilities. However, accessibility and affordability remain major concerns for many patients.
While prostate cancer is common, staying informed and proactive can make a difference. Regular checkups, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and discussing screening options with your doctor are key steps.
