It is also known as colon or rectal cancer. This is a type of cancer that affects the large intestines(colon) or rectum.

According to WHO, the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age and it is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most cases have been reported among people over 50 years old.

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer forms when cells in the colon or rectum start to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can form tumors that may spread to other parts of the body if not caught early.

Colorectal cancer can develop over several years, often starting as polyps (small growths) that may become cancerous over time

The risk of colorectal cancer can be reduced by eating a healthy diet, staying physically active, not smoking tobacco and limiting alcohol.

However, regular screenings are crucial for early detection.

According to WHO, colorectal cancer rates have been decreasing in high-income countries largely due to effective screening programs.

Early-stage cancers have higher survival rates than advanced-stage cancers. Therefore, timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up care are important for improving survival rates and quality of life.

Who is at risk?
While anyone can develop colorectal cancer, certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. These include:

Age:

The risk increases with age, especially after 50.
Family History:

A family history of colorectal cancer or polyps can raise your risk, especially if close relatives were diagnosed at an early age.
Lifestyle Factors:

Diets high in red meat, processed foods, and low in fiber, along with sedentary lifestyles, can contribute to the risk.

Health Conditions:

Individuals with certain health conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, are at higher risk.
Genetics:

Inherited conditions, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), can increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer may not present obvious symptoms in its early stages. As the disease progresses, the following signs might occur:

• Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea, constipation, or feeling that the bowel does not empty completely.
• Blood in or on the stool.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, including bloating or cramping.
• Fatigue or weakness.

Prevention and Screening

While some risk factors for colorectal cancer cannot be changed (like age or family history), there are proactive steps that individuals can take to reduce their risk:

The treatment for colorectal cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and the location of the tumor. The main treatment options include:

• Surgery: If the cancer is localized, surgery may be performed to remove the tumor or part of the colon.
• Chemotherapy: Used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth, chemotherapy can be used before surgery to shrink tumors or after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Often used for rectal cancer or to reduce the size of tumors before surgery.
• Targeted Therapy: These drugs target specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and are often used for advanced stages of colorectal cancer.
• Immunotherapy: A newer treatment option that helps the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.

By staying informed, we can all contribute to the fight against colorectal cancer, empowering individuals to take control of their health and seek the help they need.